The swollen tissue at the base of some redwood trees is commonly known as a burl although scientifically it is referred to as a lignotuber . Burls in coast Redwood are masses of stem tissue where elongation of the many stem tips has not occurred. Burls develop from axillary buds in the seedling redwood. This basal burl sometimes called a bud collar persists, growing larger throughout the life of the tree. The dormant stem tips continue slow growth and branching, but do not elongate.
Unlike aerial stems of redwood, burl tissue grows downward. It forms an enlarged mass near the base of the tree above or below the soil surface. Burl tissue overgrows the root tissues at the base of the redwood tree. Redwood burls may also occur well up the main stem and on branches. Their growth is held in check by the presence of chemical signals in a living Redwood. If the tree should die, or even be stressed, such as by low rainfall or fire, the chemical signal weakens or vanishes and the burl will burst forth into verdant life. Burls kept in a shallow pan of water will grow almost indefinitely.
They can also continue on to become a full grown Redwood tree. At the very least, if watered they will produce a lovely fringe of green pseudo branchs and make a very interesting looking and unusual house plant. Redwood burl is a rare commodity. Only about one in one thousand Redwood trees will have a root crown burl, or even rarer yet an above ground burl. Redwood burl is used to produce beautiful artwork, handcrafted goods, and stunning furniture.
Redwoods are incredibly hardy. A live Redwood that gets knocked over will attempt to continue growing via its limbs. If undisturbed, the limbs pointing up will turn into trees in their own right, and this is indeed the source of many row groups of trees. Cathedral or family groups of trees are simply trees that have grown up from the living remains of the stump of a fallen Redwood, and since they grew out of the perimeter, they are organized in a circle. If you looked at the genetic information in a cell of each of these trees, you would find that they were identical to each other and to the stump they sprang from.
Tuesday, December 23, 2008
Monday, December 22, 2008
Baseball cap
If the United States has a national hat, it is surely the baseball cap. Even golfers, tennis players, and football players wear them, either when playing or while standing on the sidelines. Mail carriers, truck drivers, and Boy Scouts wear them, too. It took many years for baseball players to settle on the style of cap so familiar today.
The first baseball team, the Knickerbockers, wore straw hats, players wore all sorts of hats boating caps, jockey caps, even bicycling hats. a pillbox-style hat with a flat top and a short visor became popular. This was the Chicago style cap. the Brooklyn Excelsiors wore a cap that's a forerunner of todays rounded crown, large visor caps.
This Brooklyn style had evolved from a Boston style, and it caught on about. It had a tight crown and a button on top, placed toward the front. The modern cap arrived, when latex rubber replaced buckram coarse cotton as the stiffening material inside the visor. Now the visors could be longer. As for wearing baseball caps backwards Catchers wore their caps backward so the visor didnt interfere with their protective mask. But it may have been outfielder Ken Griffey Jr. of the Seattle Mariners who first got children to turn their caps around, too.
The first baseball team, the Knickerbockers, wore straw hats, players wore all sorts of hats boating caps, jockey caps, even bicycling hats. a pillbox-style hat with a flat top and a short visor became popular. This was the Chicago style cap. the Brooklyn Excelsiors wore a cap that's a forerunner of todays rounded crown, large visor caps.
This Brooklyn style had evolved from a Boston style, and it caught on about. It had a tight crown and a button on top, placed toward the front. The modern cap arrived, when latex rubber replaced buckram coarse cotton as the stiffening material inside the visor. Now the visors could be longer. As for wearing baseball caps backwards Catchers wore their caps backward so the visor didnt interfere with their protective mask. But it may have been outfielder Ken Griffey Jr. of the Seattle Mariners who first got children to turn their caps around, too.
Posters
The Belle Epoque Area, called the Belle Epoque in France, a poster craze came into full bloom. Toulouse Lautrecs first poster, Moulin Rouge, elevated the status of the poster to fine art. Poster exhibitions, magazines and dealers proliferated, satisfying the publics love affair with the poster. Early in the decade, the pioneering Parisian dealer Sagot listed different posters in his sales catalog. Alphonse Mucha, a Czech working in Paris, created the first masterpiece of Art Nouveau poster design.
The flowery, ornate style was born practically overnight when Mucha was pressed to produce a poster for Sarah Bernhardt, the brilliant actress who had taken Paris by storm. Bearing multiple influences including the Pre Raphaelites, the Arts and Crafts Movement, and Byzantine art, this style was to dominate the Parisian scene for the next ten years and to become the major international decorative art movement up until World War.The poster slowly took hold in other countries, but quickened during the Belle Epoque. In each country, the poster came to the fore to celebrate the societys unique cultural institutions. In France, the cult of the café including absinthe and other alcoholic products as omnipresent in Italy the opera and fashion in Spain the bullfight and festivals in Holland literature and products for the home in Germany trade fairs and magazines, in Britain and America literary journals and the circus. The first poster shows were held in Great Britain and Italy, Germany, and Russia. The most important poster show ever, to many observers, was held in Reims, France and featured an unbelievable posters arranged by country. Despite cross pollination, distinctive national styles became more apparent as the Belle Epoque progressed. Dutch posters were marked by restraint and orderliness Italian posters by their drama and grand scale German posters for their directness and medievalism. The all powerful influence of France had found a counterbalance
The flowery, ornate style was born practically overnight when Mucha was pressed to produce a poster for Sarah Bernhardt, the brilliant actress who had taken Paris by storm. Bearing multiple influences including the Pre Raphaelites, the Arts and Crafts Movement, and Byzantine art, this style was to dominate the Parisian scene for the next ten years and to become the major international decorative art movement up until World War.The poster slowly took hold in other countries, but quickened during the Belle Epoque. In each country, the poster came to the fore to celebrate the societys unique cultural institutions. In France, the cult of the café including absinthe and other alcoholic products as omnipresent in Italy the opera and fashion in Spain the bullfight and festivals in Holland literature and products for the home in Germany trade fairs and magazines, in Britain and America literary journals and the circus. The first poster shows were held in Great Britain and Italy, Germany, and Russia. The most important poster show ever, to many observers, was held in Reims, France and featured an unbelievable posters arranged by country. Despite cross pollination, distinctive national styles became more apparent as the Belle Epoque progressed. Dutch posters were marked by restraint and orderliness Italian posters by their drama and grand scale German posters for their directness and medievalism. The all powerful influence of France had found a counterbalance
Man made fabrics
Manufactured Fabrics are usually made of filaments extruded as liquid and formed into various fibers. Because the fiber starts as a liquid, many of the fibers are colored before they become filament, thus they are difficult to dye after the fiber is woven into a fabric.
ACETATE is not a strong fiber but can be extruded into fibers of different diameter and woven into fabrics that have the luxurious look of silk but do not wear like silk. Acetate does not absorb moisture readily but dries fast and resists shrinking. This is a resilient fabric that resists wrinkling in addition to being pliable and soft with a good drape. Triacetate is an improved acetate fabric which doesn’t melt as easier and is easier to care for. Remember, acetate in nail polish and nail polish remover will melt acetate as will alcohol so take care with perfumes and nail products including SuperGlue.
ACRYLIC is a fine soft and luxurious fabric with the bulk and hand of wool. Light weight and springy, this fabric is non-allergenic, dries quickly, draws moisture away from the body and is washable. Acrylic does not take even a moderate amount of heat. Modacrylics are used in pile fabrics like fake fur and are more flame resistant. LASTEX is an elastic fiber made from Latex. It is most often used with other fibers to create fabrics such as Spandex and foundation garments. astex will deteriorate after repeated washing and drying, losing its elasticity.
NYLON became a household word when it was knitted into hosiery. It was called into service for the armed forces use in parachutes, flak vests, combat uniforms, tires and many other vital military uses. Until the war was over nylon was not available to the public. Nylon became one of the most versatile fibers of the man made fabrics. In addition to hosiery, nylon is used in tricot, netting for bridal veils, and in carpeting.
Nylon is stronger yet weighs less than any other commonly used fiber. It is elastic and resilient and responsive to heat setting. Nylon fibers are smooth, non-absorbent and dry quickly. Dirt doesnt cling to this smooth fiber nor is it weakened by chemicals and perspiration. Extensive washing and drying in an automatic dryer can eventually cause piling. Nylon whites should be washed separately to avoid graying. This fabric may yellow so it should be bleached frequently with sodium perborate bleach. Nylon melts at high temperatures. If ironing is necessary, always use a low temperature on the wrong side.
POLYESTER is a strong fiber that is resistant to crease and thus keeps it shape. Polyester melts at medium to high temperatures. Although many people dislike polyester, perhaps due to the double knit fad, polyester remains a versatile and important man made fabric. Blends of polyester give cotton a permanent press property and extend the wear of these blended garments. Polyester is manufactured in many weights including fiber fill used in pillows and upholstery. Threads spun from polyester fibers are strong, wear exceptionally well, and are used extensively in home sewing and manufactured sewing.
RAYON, from cellulose, has many of the qualities of cotton, a natural cellulose fiber. Rayon is strong, extremely absorbent, comes in a variety of qualities and weights, and can be made to resemble natural fabrics. Rayon does not melt but burns at high temperatures. Rayon drapes well, has a soft, silky hand, and has a smooth, napped, or bulky surface. Rayon will wrinkle easily and may stretch when wet and shrink when washed.
Technological advancemnts to the rayon process have produced high wet modulus rayons such as lyocell and modal which makes fabric less prone to stretch when damp or wet. Washable rayon will state the care on the fabric label. Like silk, if you pre wash rayon fabric prior to construction of the garment, you have a washable garment.
ACETATE is not a strong fiber but can be extruded into fibers of different diameter and woven into fabrics that have the luxurious look of silk but do not wear like silk. Acetate does not absorb moisture readily but dries fast and resists shrinking. This is a resilient fabric that resists wrinkling in addition to being pliable and soft with a good drape. Triacetate is an improved acetate fabric which doesn’t melt as easier and is easier to care for. Remember, acetate in nail polish and nail polish remover will melt acetate as will alcohol so take care with perfumes and nail products including SuperGlue.
ACRYLIC is a fine soft and luxurious fabric with the bulk and hand of wool. Light weight and springy, this fabric is non-allergenic, dries quickly, draws moisture away from the body and is washable. Acrylic does not take even a moderate amount of heat. Modacrylics are used in pile fabrics like fake fur and are more flame resistant. LASTEX is an elastic fiber made from Latex. It is most often used with other fibers to create fabrics such as Spandex and foundation garments. astex will deteriorate after repeated washing and drying, losing its elasticity.
NYLON became a household word when it was knitted into hosiery. It was called into service for the armed forces use in parachutes, flak vests, combat uniforms, tires and many other vital military uses. Until the war was over nylon was not available to the public. Nylon became one of the most versatile fibers of the man made fabrics. In addition to hosiery, nylon is used in tricot, netting for bridal veils, and in carpeting.
Nylon is stronger yet weighs less than any other commonly used fiber. It is elastic and resilient and responsive to heat setting. Nylon fibers are smooth, non-absorbent and dry quickly. Dirt doesnt cling to this smooth fiber nor is it weakened by chemicals and perspiration. Extensive washing and drying in an automatic dryer can eventually cause piling. Nylon whites should be washed separately to avoid graying. This fabric may yellow so it should be bleached frequently with sodium perborate bleach. Nylon melts at high temperatures. If ironing is necessary, always use a low temperature on the wrong side.
POLYESTER is a strong fiber that is resistant to crease and thus keeps it shape. Polyester melts at medium to high temperatures. Although many people dislike polyester, perhaps due to the double knit fad, polyester remains a versatile and important man made fabric. Blends of polyester give cotton a permanent press property and extend the wear of these blended garments. Polyester is manufactured in many weights including fiber fill used in pillows and upholstery. Threads spun from polyester fibers are strong, wear exceptionally well, and are used extensively in home sewing and manufactured sewing.
RAYON, from cellulose, has many of the qualities of cotton, a natural cellulose fiber. Rayon is strong, extremely absorbent, comes in a variety of qualities and weights, and can be made to resemble natural fabrics. Rayon does not melt but burns at high temperatures. Rayon drapes well, has a soft, silky hand, and has a smooth, napped, or bulky surface. Rayon will wrinkle easily and may stretch when wet and shrink when washed.
Technological advancemnts to the rayon process have produced high wet modulus rayons such as lyocell and modal which makes fabric less prone to stretch when damp or wet. Washable rayon will state the care on the fabric label. Like silk, if you pre wash rayon fabric prior to construction of the garment, you have a washable garment.
Dance
The Two Yearly International Stage Traditional Dance in Calabria took place from August. The next edition, the sixth, is foreseen in August. Traditional Dance in Calabria is an every two yearly stage organized by Archi Med Med Media Audio visual Archives from Reggio Calabria and by the Cultural Association Agatini from Catafo. About seventy competitors took part in the last edition and they were arranged in the classes of dance and instruments.
Information about the courses held in the last editionDance Beginner and advanced level. Teachers Giuseppe Crucitti advanced, Diego Pizzimenti beginner. The work programme was based on the style of traditional dance from South Aspromonte and in particular Cardeto area. In this area, the traditional dance has got a very strong and rooted tradition. During the last courses, as well as during the previous editions, the teachers were able to make use of the presence of players and dancers from this area.
Lyre from Calabria Teacher Ettore Castagna Ettore Castagna is known as the lyre player of Re Nilius group. He has been active for many years as field researcher about traditional music from Calabria, Castagna has been looking after this instrument course for three stage editions. The lyre is a string chordophone probably medieval and it arrived in Calabria through age old contacts with the near Greece. As for this instrument, please consult the research published on CD booklet. by Archi med The Lyre in Calabria RLS. The course programme is based on the traditional music for lyre from Locri area with a particular attention to the overall music as didactic instruments. Giuseppe Fragomenis presence was important in the last part of the course. He is a teacher as regard the tradition and builder of lyre from Calabria.
Zampogna a paru and a moderna Teacher Sergio Di GiorgioSergio Di Giorgio is the Re Nilius group wind player. He has been interesting in zampogna for twenty years about in Calabria both as researcher and under the organologic profile. He has been teaching for some editions in this course devoted to the two prince instruments of country music in Aspromonte the zampogne a paru and a moderna. The work programme touched the catalogues for zampogna both from Cardeto and Greek areas. The participants were given elements base relative to the instrument maintenance and, in particular, instructions about tuning, reeds and leather bag treatment. The direct contact with the traditional players was important, in particular during the nights Ballu.
Information about the courses held in the last editionDance Beginner and advanced level. Teachers Giuseppe Crucitti advanced, Diego Pizzimenti beginner. The work programme was based on the style of traditional dance from South Aspromonte and in particular Cardeto area. In this area, the traditional dance has got a very strong and rooted tradition. During the last courses, as well as during the previous editions, the teachers were able to make use of the presence of players and dancers from this area.
Lyre from Calabria Teacher Ettore Castagna Ettore Castagna is known as the lyre player of Re Nilius group. He has been active for many years as field researcher about traditional music from Calabria, Castagna has been looking after this instrument course for three stage editions. The lyre is a string chordophone probably medieval and it arrived in Calabria through age old contacts with the near Greece. As for this instrument, please consult the research published on CD booklet. by Archi med The Lyre in Calabria RLS. The course programme is based on the traditional music for lyre from Locri area with a particular attention to the overall music as didactic instruments. Giuseppe Fragomenis presence was important in the last part of the course. He is a teacher as regard the tradition and builder of lyre from Calabria.
Zampogna a paru and a moderna Teacher Sergio Di GiorgioSergio Di Giorgio is the Re Nilius group wind player. He has been interesting in zampogna for twenty years about in Calabria both as researcher and under the organologic profile. He has been teaching for some editions in this course devoted to the two prince instruments of country music in Aspromonte the zampogne a paru and a moderna. The work programme touched the catalogues for zampogna both from Cardeto and Greek areas. The participants were given elements base relative to the instrument maintenance and, in particular, instructions about tuning, reeds and leather bag treatment. The direct contact with the traditional players was important, in particular during the nights Ballu.
Museum
Bang opposite Raj Ghat is a small museum on the life and times of Mahatma Gandhi. There are five pavilions for you to go through sculpture, photographs and paintings of Gandhi and the history of the Satyagraha movement and the philosophy of ahimsa . The residence of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who fell to bullets by two of her own bodyguards. The house has since been converted into a national memorial called Indira Gandhi Memorial Museum. A modest bungalow, it is furnished simply and hung with photographs chronicling her life from childhood days with the Mahatma to later off duty relaxation with her grandchildren Rahul, Priyanka and Varun.
It is surrounded by a charming garden where you can hear Mrs Gandhis speeches from megaphones hidden in the bushes. It was in this garden that she was assassinated. A small but well assembled introduction to Indias natural heritage and excellent for initiating children into the study of flora and fauna. A Discovery Room offers children the opportunity to handle specimens and take part in creative activities such as animal modelling. Daily filmshow, regular lectures and exhibitions organized in conjunction with other natural history organizations.
It wouldnt be out of place to call National Museum the cultural gateway into India. the museum is a treasurehouse of antiques and historical memorabilia ranging from sculpture through carving, paintings, jewellery, manuscripts, arts and crafts to you name it The collection was earlier housed in the Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhawan and moved to its present building. The museum now boasts of over works of exquisite art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering a time span of more years. Some of the must see sections are those showcasing Buddhist Art, Tantra Art, Jewellery, Scripts and Coins, Decorative Arts, Arms and Armour, Textiles, Tribal Lifestyle of Northeast India, Wood Carvings and Musical Instruments.
It is surrounded by a charming garden where you can hear Mrs Gandhis speeches from megaphones hidden in the bushes. It was in this garden that she was assassinated. A small but well assembled introduction to Indias natural heritage and excellent for initiating children into the study of flora and fauna. A Discovery Room offers children the opportunity to handle specimens and take part in creative activities such as animal modelling. Daily filmshow, regular lectures and exhibitions organized in conjunction with other natural history organizations.
It wouldnt be out of place to call National Museum the cultural gateway into India. the museum is a treasurehouse of antiques and historical memorabilia ranging from sculpture through carving, paintings, jewellery, manuscripts, arts and crafts to you name it The collection was earlier housed in the Durbar Hall of the Rashtrapati Bhawan and moved to its present building. The museum now boasts of over works of exquisite art, both of Indian and foreign origin, covering a time span of more years. Some of the must see sections are those showcasing Buddhist Art, Tantra Art, Jewellery, Scripts and Coins, Decorative Arts, Arms and Armour, Textiles, Tribal Lifestyle of Northeast India, Wood Carvings and Musical Instruments.
Civilization
The Maya Indian Empire was one of the most awe inspiring civilizations in all of Central America. Its history can be divided in several subsequent period, a date found inscribed on a jade plate found in the Tikal region. The artifact is being kept at the Leiden Museum in the Netherlands the Maya Indians were subdued by the invading Toltec warriors. This gave way to the Maya-Tolteca civilization.
Following this great change, years of decadence, uprisings and political crisis ensued, followed the ocupation of the region by the Aztecs. The Mayan empire is comprised of the following regions Yucatan, Guatemala and South-East of Mexico. The initial source centered itself in the Peten region, with the Tikal and Uaxactun aglomerations. Mayan religious centers, or cities include Bonampak, Chichen Itza, Copan, Palenque, Uxmal, and others.
Maya Indian temples were built on gigantic stepped pyramids, each side of the structure had steps leading to the ornate stone temple located ot its peak. THe interior of Mayan temples were decorated with intricate mural paintings. Mayan hieroglyghics, like the one seen below usually represented full words or syllabics. It is perhaps due to this vibrant form of documentation that we are able to decipher so much about this fascinating Pre Columbian civilization.
Following this great change, years of decadence, uprisings and political crisis ensued, followed the ocupation of the region by the Aztecs. The Mayan empire is comprised of the following regions Yucatan, Guatemala and South-East of Mexico. The initial source centered itself in the Peten region, with the Tikal and Uaxactun aglomerations. Mayan religious centers, or cities include Bonampak, Chichen Itza, Copan, Palenque, Uxmal, and others.
Maya Indian temples were built on gigantic stepped pyramids, each side of the structure had steps leading to the ornate stone temple located ot its peak. THe interior of Mayan temples were decorated with intricate mural paintings. Mayan hieroglyghics, like the one seen below usually represented full words or syllabics. It is perhaps due to this vibrant form of documentation that we are able to decipher so much about this fascinating Pre Columbian civilization.
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